Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Population (P)

Workers (including adults, adolescents (age under 18 years), children) in the informal e-waste recycling sector in middle- and low-income countries with an occupational exposure to e-waste

Adults, children or adolescents with no connection to e-waste recycling, residents and bystanders with only environmental exposure, as well as workers from high income countries and/or from the formal e-waste sector

Exposure (E)

Exposure to hazardous substances as well as mechanical, ergonomic, psychological, and physical hazards related to work in the informal e-waste recycling sector

Only environmental exposure, bystander exposure

Comparator(s)/Control (if available)(C)

Workers (incl. Adults, children and adolescents) in the informal e-waste recycling sector without occupational exposure to e-waste

Adults, (preschool) children, adolescents, bystanders, people involved in informal e-waste recycling activities

Outcome (O)

Disorders or diseases, symptoms and further health effects associated with or caused by informal e-waste recycling as well as its influence on long time health, morbidity, mortality

No direct effects on health, effects without a clinical correlate (such as oxidative stress, DNA damage